第一語言和第二語言的學習過程是不一樣的。在學習第一語言的時候,大多數的詞語我們並未刻意地去學習,通常會在不同脈絡下接觸到詞語;但是第二語言沒有這樣反覆接觸的機會,人們只有很短的時間就必須達到相當的程度。
在強調溝通或自然的學習方式下,語法、拼字、詞彙、老師的動作或糾錯,都會被認為是比較不適合的過程。好像變魔術一樣,詞彙可以在沒有刻意或系統地學習下就能成長。似乎只要「理解」了,就不必注意不認識的詞了!
但是,二語學習者不可避免的就是有很多詞語必須根據脈絡去猜。這使得詞彙量較少的學習者就會處在劣勢,Folse (1999) 發現當學習者知道的詞語越多去,也就更容易從脈絡中去猜出詞義。
Hulstijn (1992)的研究結論,雖然比起直接給於學習者詞義,由學習者自己推論詞義的方式,比較能夠使詞語的形和義連結起來,但是當學習者沒有任何線索而必須自己去推論詞義時錯誤的理解就常常發生。
Paribakht and Wesche (1996)比較只有閱讀和有閱讀伴隨著指導的兩種詞彙學習,雖然單純閱讀也有學習發生的可能,但是伴隨著指導的學習有更顯著的且深入的詞彙知識。
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